{"id":2654,"date":"2025-06-17T07:43:40","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T07:43:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.lcsc.com\/blog\/?p=2654"},"modified":"2025-08-05T07:29:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T07:29:08","slug":"comprehensive-guide-to-aoi-technology-in-pcba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.lcsc.com\/blog\/comprehensive-guide-to-aoi-technology-in-pcba\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprehensive Guide to AOI Technology in PCBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

After SMT<\/a> assembly, ensuring product quality is crucial. Traditional manual inspection is slow and prone to human error. Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) emerged as a solution, leveraging high-speed imaging and intelligent processing to detect PCB defects with precision. This article explores how AOI validates the soldering reliability of PCBA.<\/span><\/p>\n

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AOI SMT PCBA component inspection under specific lighting (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

How Does AOI Technology Work?<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

AOI uses optical imaging and image processing to identify defects on PCB assemblies. RGB lighting illuminates the solder joints from multiple angles, and a high-speed camera captures reflected light to generate image data. Algorithms then compare the data with reference templates to determine soldering quality.<\/span><\/p>\n

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AOI automated optical inspection working principle diagram camera capture software analysis OK and NG result (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Optical Imaging<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

AOI systems utilize ring-shaped RGB lighting to enhance the contrast of solder joints<\/span> t<\/span>h<\/span>r<\/span>o<\/span>u<\/span>g<\/span>h<\/span> c<\/span>o<\/span>m<\/span>b<\/span>i<\/span>n<\/span>a<\/span>t<\/span>i<\/span>o<\/span>n<\/span> o<\/span>f<\/span> l<\/span>i<\/span>g<\/span>h<\/span>t<\/span> a<\/span>n<\/span>g<\/span>l<\/span>e<\/span>s<\/span> a<\/span>n<\/span>d<\/span> l<\/span>i<\/span>g<\/span>h<\/span>t<\/span> c<\/span>o<\/span>l<\/span>o<\/span>r<\/span>s<\/span>. Cameras capture reflections based on refraction principles, producing high-precision images.<\/span><\/p>\n

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AOI optical imaging RGB lighting principle convex concave solder joint comparison diagram (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Data <\/span><\/b>A<\/span><\/b>n<\/span><\/b>a<\/span><\/b>l<\/span><\/b>y<\/span><\/b>s<\/span><\/b>i<\/span><\/b>s<\/span><\/b> and Defect Detection<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

AOI systems apply advanced image processing techniques, including noise reduction, correction, and contrast enhancement. Defect detection relies on:<\/span><\/p>\n