{"id":2308,"date":"2025-05-16T06:30:29","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T06:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.lcsc.com\/blog\/?p=2308"},"modified":"2025-08-05T07:45:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T07:45:53","slug":"how-to-properly-place-fiducial-marks-on-pcbs-a-step-by-step-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.lcsc.com\/blog\/how-to-properly-place-fiducial-marks-on-pcbs-a-step-by-step-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Properly Place Fiducial Marks on PCBs: A Step-by-Step Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-font-family=\"default\">In circuit board design, Fiducial marks help manufacturing and pick-and-place machines accurately identify the direction and position of the circuit board, further ensuring placement precision. This article in this case will provide a detailed guide on how to create fiducial marks in design software and the proper methods for placing them on the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lcsc.com\/blog\/printed-circuit-boards-pcbs-an-in-depth-overview\/\">PCB<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Composition and Design Method of Fiducial Marks<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span data-font-family=\"default\">Fiducial Marks consist primarily of two parts: the <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">marking point<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> (or <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">feature point<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">) and the <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">clearance area<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Design Steps:<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">In design software, a fiducial mark can be created by adding a pad and a solder mask layer. Typically, the design features a solid circle with a diameter of 1mm, and the solder mask layer is designed as a window with a diameter of 3mm. Moreover, the center of the marking point is located 3.85mm from the edge of the board.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">The pad diameter should comply with standards (IPC-2221), meaning the solder mask layer&#8217;s radius is 2-3 times the radius of the pad.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"document\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<figure style=\"width: 521px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"aedf6664\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/wdcdn.qpic.cn\/MTY4ODg1ODMyODUxOTAwNg_986900_X0ZOvI2GqtHolmkR_1747373953?w=394&amp;h=149&amp;type=image\/jpeg\" alt=\"Steps to create fiducial mask\" width=\"521\" height=\"197\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steps to create fiducial mask (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Marking Point:<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">Typically designed as a solid circle, the recommended diameter is 1.0 mm for most production scenarios.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"document\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<figure style=\"width: 445px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"3348e397\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/wdcdn.qpic.cn\/MTY4ODg1ODMyODUxOTAwNg_244958_fwb9KOAHRLvPcYcx_1747373954?w=417&amp;h=235&amp;type=image\/jpeg\" alt=\"The recommended diameter (1.0 mm) for marking point\" width=\"445\" height=\"251\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The recommended diameter (1.0 mm) for marking point (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Clearance Area:<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">A <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">clearance area<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> around the fiducial mark should be free of other circuit features or markings.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">The radius of the clearance area should be at least twice the radius of the fiducial mark. When the radius of the clearance area reaches three times of the radius of the fiducial mark, the recognition performance of the machine is even better.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"document\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<figure style=\"width: 408px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"e7385362\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/wdcdn.qpic.cn\/MTY4ODg1ODMyODUxOTAwNg_217506_LJJCK4xbwl3qafgM_1747373954?w=345&amp;h=212&amp;type=image\/jpeg\" alt=\"Example of Clearance Area\" width=\"408\" height=\"251\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of Clearance Area (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Local Fiducial Marks<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span data-font-family=\"default\">Local Fiducials are used for component positioning:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Placement<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: Place near the component that is typically at its diagonal corners.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Function<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: Ensure precise alignment of the component during the pick-and-place process.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Global Fiducial Mark<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span data-font-family=\"default\">Global Fiducials are used for overall PCB positioning:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Quantity and Distribution<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Three Fiducial Marks<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: Arrange them in a triangular layout, furthermore, ensuring they are as far apart as possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Four Fiducial Marks<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: The layout should form an irregular trapezoid, with points distributed as far as possible along the longest diagonal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Distance to the Edge<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">The distance from each fiducial mark to the edge of the PCB must be greater than 3.85 mm (measured from the center of the fiducial mark to the PCB edge).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-font-family=\"default\">Fiducial marks need to be located completely within the board to avoid being obscured by the fixture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"document\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<figure style=\"width: 444px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"de5d4214\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/wdcdn.qpic.cn\/MTY4ODg1ODMyODUxOTAwNg_234360_oQ1inf-hu1HMwFxx_1747373954?w=554&amp;h=312&amp;type=image\/jpeg\" alt=\"Example of showing the distance from the edge of the fiducial mark to the PCB edge should be greater than 3.85mm\" width=\"444\" height=\"250\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of showing the distance from the edge of the fiducial mark to the PCB edge should be greater than 3.85mm (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Panel Fiducial Marks<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span data-font-family=\"default\">To accommodate the 3mm-width clamp edge (rails) of certain pick-and-place machines and ensure accurate recognition of fiducial marks, it is recommended to set the distance from the mark center to the board edge at <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">3.85mm<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">. <\/span><span data-font-family=\"default\">When using <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lcsc.com\/pcba\"><span data-font-family=\"default\">PCBA services<\/span><\/a><span data-font-family=\"default\">, we will handle all fiducial mark setups on the tooling strip.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-font-family=\"default\">Key Considerations:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Missing Tooling Strip<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: If the original design file does not include a tooling strip, we will automatically add a <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">5mm-wide tooling strip<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> according to SMT process requirements. Additionally, This strip will include fiducial marks and tooling holes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Insufficient Tooling Strip Width<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: If the original design file contains a tooling strip less than <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">5mm <\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">in width, we will extend it to <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">5mm<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> and add fiducial marks and tooling holes accordingly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"document\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<figure style=\"width: 556px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"05d16679\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/wdcdn.qpic.cn\/MTY4ODg1ODMyODUxOTAwNg_270224_xy4ZM_-WBBHvvs_C_1747373954?w=553&amp;h=198&amp;type=image\/jpeg\" alt=\"Example of the tooling strip and fiducial mark\" width=\"556\" height=\"199\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of the tooling strip and fiducial mark (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Avoid Symmetrical Placement<\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Problem with Symmetrical Fiducial Marks<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-font-family=\"default\">If only two fiducial marks are symmetrically positioned (e.g., equivalence of the top-left and bottom-right corners), the placement machine may fail to identify the correct orientation after a 180\u00b0 rotation of the PCB. Consequently, this could result in incorrect component placement.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Solution<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span data-font-family=\"default\">Adopt an <\/span><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">asymmetrical layout<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> for the fiducial marks is to ensure that the machine can accurately detect the PCB&#8217;s orientation after all. Alternatively, increase the number of fiducial marks to four, ensuring they form a non-symmetrical configuration, such as an irregular trapezoid.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Placement Considerations<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Positional <\/span><\/b><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">A<\/span><\/b><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">ccuracy<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\">: Fiducial mark needs to be within the recognition range of the device camera and always visible during the placement process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Board Layout:<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> Avoid overlapping fiducial marks with key circuit features or other markings to ensure the integrity of the clearance area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-font-family=\"default\">Production Verification:<\/span><\/b><span data-font-family=\"default\"> Verifing the recognizability and positioning accuracy of the fiducial marks through production testing after design completion.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"document\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<figure style=\"width: 554px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"9062bc97\" src=\"https:\/\/wdcdn.qpic.cn\/MTY4ODg1ODMyODUxOTAwNg_245117_ymfkT1Jmz15-1a6O_1747373954?w=554&amp;h=312&amp;type=image\/jpeg\" alt=\"When the PCB enters the machine, the fixture clamp secures the edges of the board. If the fiducial mark is obstructed, it will fail to serve its positioning function\" width=\"554\" height=\"312\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When the PCB enters the machine, the fixture clamp secures the edges of the board. If the fiducial mark is obstructed, it will fail to serve its positioning function (Image source: online)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em>Some images are sourced online. Please contact us for removal if any copyright concerns arise.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lcsc.com\/customcables?utm_source=customcables&amp;utm_medium=navbar\">Custom Cables<\/a>: Save 50%+ Avg Cost By JST, Molex, TE Alternatives | Processing Fee Down to $1 Per Piece | No Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) Required<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lcsc.com\/pcba\">PCB &amp; PCBA<\/a>: New Customer Get Coupons Up to $125 | 1 &#8211; 32 Layers From $2 \/5pcs | PCB Assembly From $8 \/5pcs<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lcsc.com\/front-panel\">Front Panels<\/a>: High-quality Front Panel Acrylic\/PET | Front Panel Order Up to 30% Off | Membrane Switch Available Soon<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In circuit board design, Fiducial marks help manufacturing and pick-and-place machines accurately identify the direction and position of the circuit board, further ensuring placement precision. This article in this case will provide a detailed guide on how to create fiducial marks in design software and the proper methods for placing them on the PCB. Composition [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[210,181,155],"class_list":["post-2308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-smt-basics","tag-fiducial-mark","tag-pcb","tag-pcba"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fiducial Marks: How to Properly Place on PCBs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fiducial Marks ensures accurate component placement. 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